1MDB: The case that's riveting Malaysia

BBC News | By Jennifer Pak, Kuala Lumpur


Malaysians are no strangers to money politics but the high-profile players and the amount of funds allegedly involved in the so-called "1MDB scandal" have gripped the nation.



What is the controversy about?

Traffic passes a 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) billboard at the Tun Razak Exchange development in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6 July 2015

It stems from Prime Minister Najib Razak's strategic state fund called 1Malaysia Development Bhd (1MDB) set up in 2009 when he came into office. The fund is meant to turn Kuala Lumpur into a financial hub. It started to attract national attention recently, when it missed payments for the $11bn (£7.1bn; €9.9bn) it owes to banks and bondholders.

Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad says the fund has taken on too much debt and lacks transparency. He also criticised Mr Najib's family's "lavish" lifestyle, which has been regularly discussed in the local press.

Then the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) reported that it had seen a paper trail that allegedly traces close to $700m from the troubled fund to Mr Najib's personal bank accounts.

Mr Najib is now facing calls to prove his assets are legal.

What do those involved say?

Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak looks on during a meeting for new government interns at the Prime Minister. The PM denies any corruption allegations

1MDB said in a statement that it has never given money to the prime minister and called the claims "unsubstantiated." It repeatedly states that the company has assets worth more than its debts.

Prime Minister Najib also denied taking money from 1MDB or any public funds, and his lawyers have demanded an explanation from the WSJ on its report.

According to the New Straits Times, he told local reporters that it was "illogical" for him to embezzle money and then stash it in his personal account.

Then in a post on his Facebook page, he accused his fiercest critic, Mr Mahathir, of "political sabotage".

Prime Minister Najib said he believed Mr Mahathir worked "hand in glove" with foreigners as part of a campaign "to topple a democratically elected prime minister." He said these attacks began when he refused to implement Mr Mahathir's "personal demands".



What's the latest?

Media caption: Mahathir Mohamad told the BBC's Jennifer Pak: ''Let's see the accounts (of the prime minister)''

The BBC put Prime Minister Najib's allegations to Mr Mahathir, who dismissed the claims. Instead, he called on the prime minister to show proof that he didn't pocket state funds.

Meanwhile, there are a few official investigations into the 1MDB fund, including a special task force headed by the attorney general. The team raided the office of 1MDB on Wednesday and took away some documents.

1MDB said in a statement that it was co-operating with the task force and all legal authorities in their investigations.

Related: Can Najib Razak Survive 1MDB Scandal?

Could this spell the end for Najib?

Malaysian plainclothes police carry a computer from the 1MDB (1 Malaysia Development Berhad) office after a raid in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8 July 2015. Authorities seized computers when they raided 1MDB offices.

Not necessarily. The opposition Pakatan Rakyat alliance has effectively collapsed from infighting so there is less outside pressure on Prime Minister Najib.

His greatest threat comes from his own governing party and in particular Mr Mahathir, who is still regarded as the father of modern Malaysia and highly respected.

This is Mr Mahathir's third campaign against the men he groomed to be the country's next leaders. He successfully ousted his deputy, Anwar Ibrahim, in the late 1990s and also forced his successor, Abdullah Badawi, to step down. Now Mr Mahathir has called on Prime Minister Najib to resign.

What do Malaysians think about it?

The hashtag #1MDBmovies has become popular on Twitter. Tweet screengrab 8 July 2015.



The 1MDB controversy had been featured prominently in the local press for months but few Malaysians understood what it could mean until the WSJ report.

It now resonates with many Malaysians who are struggling with the rising cost of living. The alleged mismanagement of a state fund makes many poor Malaysians resent paying the new broad-based consumption tax.

But it hasn't made Malaysians lose their sense of humour.

One social media trend is to think of major film titles with a 1MDB twist.

Some of the more popular ones include: "Frozen (bank accounts)", "42 billion shades of debt", "How to train your ministers" and "The debt knight rises."

One Twitter user summed up the feeling of confusion in the country: "Malaysia is now in the darkest of political times."